单Master集群部署

信息

最低节点要求：1 或 2 台节点。
Master 节点一旦宕机，kubectl 等管理工具将无法操作集群，但运行中的业务容器不受影响。
适用于精简版集群，通常在两台微服务节点的环境中使用。

本文档基于 CentOS 7.9 / Debian 12 操作系统进行 Kubernetes 集群部署

服务器IP	主机角色
192.168.10.20	Kubernetes 01（Master、Node）
192.168.10.21	Kubernetes 02（Node）

服务器要求

集群服务器之间网络策略无限制
各节点主机名须唯一，且集群部署完成后不可更改
主网卡 MAC 地址不能重复（执行 ip link 查看）
product_uuid 不能重复（执行 cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_uuid 查看）
6443 端口未被占用（执行 nc -vz 127.0.0.1 6443 验证）
必须禁用 swap 内存（执行 swapoff -a 临时禁用，并注释 /etc/fstab 中 swap 分区的挂载项）

安装CRI容器运行环境

Kubernetes 集群各节点均需要操作

下载 Kubernetes 集群安装包

服务器支持访问互联网
服务器不支持访问互联网

wget https://pdpublic.mingdao.com/private-deployment/offline/common/kubernetes-1.35.3/1.35-k8s-amd64-pkg.tar.gz

# 通过以下链接下载安装包，下载完成后上传至目标服务器
https://pdpublic.mingdao.com/private-deployment/offline/common/kubernetes-1.35.3/1.35-k8s-amd64-pkg.tar.gz

解压安装包

tar xzvf 1.35-k8s-amd64-pkg.tar.gz

检查安装包内文件

ls -l 1.35-k8s-amd64-pkg

输出结果示例

-rw-r--r-- 1 root 197121   331360 Apr 14 16:38 calico.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root 197121 33899693 Apr 13 12:06 containerd-static-2.2.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root 197121 19185064 Apr 13 13:18 crictl-v1.35.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root 197121 28576212 Apr 13 13:22 istio-1.29.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root 197121 72372408 Apr 13 13:20 kubeadm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root 197121 58601656 Apr 13 13:18 kubectl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root 197121 58110244 Apr 13 13:20 kubelet
-rw-r--r-- 1 root 197121 11373900 Apr 13 13:17 nerdctl-2.2.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root 197121 12741088 Apr 13 12:12 runc.amd64

安装 containerd

需在安装包目录 1.35-k8s-amd64-pkg 下执行

cd 1.35-k8s-amd64-pkg
tar -zxvf containerd-static-2.2.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv -f bin/* /usr/local/bin/

创建 containerd 配置目录
```
mkdir /etc/containerd
```

安装 runc

需在安装包目录 1.35-k8s-amd64-pkg 下执行

mv runc.amd64 /usr/local/bin/runc
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/runc
runc -v

生成 containerd 配置文件并修改相关参数

containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

sed -i \
-e 's|SystemdCgroup =.*|SystemdCgroup = true|g' \
-e 's|bin_dirs =.*|bin_dirs = ["/usr/local/kubernetes/cni/bin"]|' \
-e 's|sandbox =.*|sandbox = "127.0.0.1:5000/pause:3.10.1"|' \
-e 's|^root =.*|root = "/data/containerd"|' \
/etc/containerd/config.toml

验证配置是否生效

grep "SystemdCgroup\|bin_dirs\|sandbox =\|^root =" /etc/containerd/config.toml

输出结果示例

root = "/data/containerd"
    sandbox_image = "127.0.0.1:5000/pause:3.10.1"
    bin_dir = "/usr/local/kubernetes/cni/bin"
            SystemdCgroup = true

配置 containerd systemd 服务文件

cat > /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=containerd
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/containerd --config /etc/containerd/config.toml
LimitNOFILE=1024000
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=0
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

启动 containerd 并设置开机自启

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart containerd && systemctl enable containerd

安装 K8S 集群所需命令

安装 crictl / kubeadm / kubelet / kubectl，Kubernetes 集群各节点均需要操作

创建命令安装目录
```
mkdir -p /usr/local/kubernetes/bin
```

将命令文件移至安装目录

需在安装包目录 1.35-k8s-amd64-pkg 下执行

tar -zxvf crictl-v1.35.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/kubernetes/bin

cp ./{kubeadm,kubelet,kubectl} /usr/local/kubernetes/bin/

赋予命令文件可执行权限

chmod +x /usr/local/kubernetes/bin/*
chown $(whoami):$(groups) /usr/local/kubernetes/bin/*

配置 systemd 管理 kubelet

cat > /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service <<\EOF
[Unit]
Description=kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
Documentation=https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/bin/kubelet
Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

配置 kubelet 的 kubeadm 扩展参数

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d

cat > /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf <<\EOF
# Note: This dropin only works with kubeadm and kubelet v1.11+
[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
# This is a file that "kubeadm init" and "kubeadm join" generates at runtime, populating the KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS variable dynamically
EnvironmentFile=-/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
# This is a file that the user can use for overrides of the kubelet args as a last resort. Preferably, the user should use
# the .NodeRegistration.KubeletExtraArgs object in the configuration files instead. KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS should be sourced from this file.
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/kubelet
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
EOF

启动 kubelet 并设置开机自启
```
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet
```
- kubelet 在 kubeadm init / kubeadm join 完成前处于等待状态，restart 后无需检查服务状态，集群初始化完成后会自动拉起

配置 K8S 命令路径至环境变量

cat > /etc/profile.d/kubernetes.sh <<'EOF'
export PATH=/usr/local/kubernetes/bin/:$PATH
EOF
source /etc/profile.d/kubernetes.sh

配置 crictl 运行时端点

crictl config runtime-endpoint unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock

验证配置
```
crictl config --get runtime-endpoint
```

安装 nerdctl 工具（可选）

nerdctl 是 containerd 的命令行工具，作用是用兼容 Docker 的语法，方便运维管理容器、镜像、等资源。

解压并安装 nerdctl

需在安装包目录 1.35-k8s-amd64-pkg 下执行

tar -zxvf nerdctl-2.2.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
rm -f containerd-rootless*.sh
mv nerdctl /usr/local/kubernetes/bin/

配置命令别名并生效
```
echo 'alias nerdctl="nerdctl -n k8s.io"' >> ~/.bashrc

source ~/.bashrc
```
- 执行 nerdctl -v，输出 nerdctl version 2.2.2 代表安装成功

安装环境依赖

Kubernetes 集群各节点均需要操作

安装 socat / conntrack

服务器支持访问互联网
服务器不支持访问互联网

# CentOS / RedHat
yum install -y socat conntrack-tools

# Debian / Ubuntu
apt install -y socat conntrack

# socat 离线包下载链接（适用于 CentOS 7.9，其他系统版本请按需重新下载）
https://pdpublic.mingdao.com/private-deployment/offline/common/kubernetes-1.25.4/socat-deps-centos7.tar.gz

# 解压后安装
tar -zxvf socat-deps-centos7.tar.gz
rpm -Uvh --nodeps socat-deps-centos7/*.rpm

# conntrack 离线包下载链接（适用于 CentOS 7.9，其他系统版本请按需重新下载）
https://pdpublic.mingdao.com/private-deployment/offline/common/kubernetes-1.25.4/conntrack-tools-deps-centos7.tar.gz

# 解压后安装
tar -zxvf conntrack-tools-deps-centos7.tar.gz
rpm -Uvh --nodeps conntrack-tools-deps-centos7/*.rpm

验证所有命令是否就绪

crictl --version && containerd --version && runc -v|grep version && kubeadm version && kubelet --version && kubectl version --client=true && socat -V | grep 'socat version' && conntrack --version && echo ok || echo error

最终输出 ok 代表正常，输出 error 则需根据错误信息补全缺失的命令

修改内核配置

Kubernetes 集群各节点均需要操作

持久化加载所需内核模块

cat > /etc/modules-load.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
EOF

立即加载内核模块

modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter
modprobe ip_vs
modprobe ip_vs_rr
modprobe ip_vs_wrr
modprobe ip_vs_sh

追加内核参数并生效

cp -rfp /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf.backup-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
cat >> /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.max_map_count = 262144

# MD Config
net.nf_conntrack_max = 524288
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 8192 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 8192 65536 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 32768
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
net.core.netdev_budget = 600
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 12582912 16777216
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 10
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
vm.max_map_count = 262144
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_be_liberal = 0
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_max_retrans = 3
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_max_retrans = 300
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 86400
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=10485760
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=10240
EOF

sysctl --system

K8S 环境镜像准备

Kubernetes 集群各节点均需要操作

下载并导入离线镜像

服务器支持访问互联网
服务器不支持访问互联网

wget https://pdpublic.mingdao.com/private-deployment/offline/common/kubernetes-1.35.3/kubeadm-1.35.3-images-amd64.tar.gz

# 通过以下链接下载镜像包，下载完成后上传至目标服务器
https://pdpublic.mingdao.com/private-deployment/offline/common/kubernetes-1.35.3/kubeadm-1.35.3-images-amd64.tar.gz

解压并导入镜像

gunzip -d kubeadm-1.35.3-images-amd64.tar.gz

ctr -n k8s.io image import kubeadm-1.35.3-images-amd64.tar

导入完成后执行 crictl images 验证

输出结果示例

IMAGE                                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            SIZE
0.0.1:5000/cni                       v3.31.4             c433a27dd94ce       72.2MB
0.0.1:5000/coredns                   v1.13.1             aa5e3ebc0dfed       23.6MB
0.0.1:5000/etcd                      3.6.6-0             0a108f7189562       23.6MB
0.0.1:5000/kube-apiserver            v1.35.3             0f2b96c93465f       27.6MB
0.0.1:5000/kube-controller-manager   v1.35.3             0eb506280f9bc       23MB
0.0.1:5000/kube-controllers          v3.31.4             ff033cc89dab5       54MB
0.0.1:5000/kube-proxy                v1.35.3             53ed370019059       25.7MB
0.0.1:5000/kube-scheduler            v1.35.3             87c9b0e4f80d3       17.1MB
0.0.1:5000/node                      v3.31.4             e6536b93706ed       160MB
0.0.1:5000/pause                     3.10.1              cd073f4c5f6a8       320kB
0.0.1:5000/pilot                     1.29.1              cd8219a164d79       73.4MB
0.0.1:5000/proxyv2                   1.29.1              599aea7eee05d       89.1MB

主节点配置

仅在 Kubernetes 01 节点操作

初始化 Master 节点

命令行方式初始化
kubeadm-config.yaml方式初始化

kubeadm init --cri-socket unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock -v 5 --kubernetes-version=1.35.3 --image-repository=127.0.0.1:5000 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

生成 kubeadm-config.yaml 配置文件

cd /usr/local/kubernetes/
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml

修改配置文件

# 修改镜像仓库地址
sed -ri 's|imageRepository.*|imageRepository: 127.0.0.1:5000|' /usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml
# 配置 Pod 网段
sed -ri '/serviceSubnet/a \ \ podSubnet: 10.244.0.0\/16' /usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml
# 修改节点 IP 地址（自动获取）
sed -ri 's|advertiseAddress.*|advertiseAddress: '$(hostname -I |awk '{print $1}')'|' /usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml
# 修改 etcd 数据目录
sed -ri 's|dataDir:.*|dataDir: /data/etcd|' /usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml
# 修改节点名称（自动获取）
sed -ri 's|name:.*|name: '$(hostname)'|' /usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml
# 修改 Kubernetes 版本
sed -ri 's|kubernetesVersion.*|kubernetesVersion: 1.35.3|' /usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml

# 验证修改结果
grep -E 'advertiseAddress|controlPlaneEndpoint|name|imageRepository|dataDir|podSubnet|kubernetesVersion' /usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml

输出结果示例

  advertiseAddress: 192.168.10.20
  name: service01
    dataDir: /data/etcd
imageRepository: 127.0.0.1:5000
kubernetesVersion: 1.35.3
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16

kubeadm-config.yaml 完整示例

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.10.20 # master ip
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name: service01 # master hostname
  taints: null
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /data/etcd
imageRepository: 127.0.0.1:5000
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.35.3
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
scheduler: {}

初始化 Master 节点

# 查看所需镜像列表
kubeadm config images list --config /usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml
# 拉取镜像
kubeadm config images pull --config /usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml
# 预检
kubeadm init phase preflight --config=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml
# 执行初始化
kubeadm init --config=/usr/local/kubernetes/kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs --v=6

初始化成功后会输出 kubeadm join 命令，请保存该输出，工作节点加入集群时需要用到
若初始化失败，可执行 kubeadm reset -f 重置后重试

扩展 NodePort 可用端口范围

sed -i '/- kube-apiserver/a\ \ \ \ - --service-node-port-range=1024-32767' /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml

配置主节点 kubectl 访问凭证

echo 'export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf' >> /etc/profile.d/kubernetes.sh
source /etc/profile.d/kubernetes.sh

调整 Master 节点 Pod 上限

echo "maxPods: 300" >> /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
systemctl restart kubelet

允许 Master 节点参与 Pod 调度
```
kubectl taint node $(kubectl get node | grep control-plane | awk '{print $1}') node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule-
```
- 初始化完成后，等待约 2 分钟再执行本命令
- 预期输出：
  - 首次执行：输出 <节点名> untainted，表示污点移除成功，节点已允许调度 Pod
  - 再次执行：若提示 error: taint "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule" not found，说明污点已不存在，无需重复操作
  - 注意：若执行后输出不符，可能由于系统组件尚未完全就绪，请稍等片刻后重试

配置 kubectl 命令补全（可选）

如服务器可以访问互联网或有内部 yum/apt 仓库，可选装 bash-completion，实现对 kubectl 子命令 tab 快捷键补全

# 安装 bash-completion
Debian 系：apt -y install bash-completion
CentOS 系：yum -y install bash-completion

# 添加 Bash 自动补全配置
grep -q "kubectl completion" ~/.bashrc || echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc

安装 Calico 网络插件

将 calico.yaml 移至安装目录

需在安装包目录 1.35-k8s-amd64-pkg 下执行
```
mv calico.yaml /usr/local/kubernetes/
```

修改配置文件

批量替换镜像仓库地址，使用本地镜像

sed -ri 's|image: quay.io/calico|image: 127.0.0.1:5000|g' /usr/local/kubernetes/calico.yaml

grep image: /usr/local/kubernetes/calico.yaml

输出结果示例

    image: 127.0.0.1:5000/cni:v3.31.4
    image: 127.0.0.1:5000/cni:v3.31.4
    image: 127.0.0.1:5000/node:v3.31.4
    image: 127.0.0.1:5000/node:v3.31.4
    image: 127.0.0.1:5000/kube-controllers:v3.31.4

配置 Pod 网段

sed -ri '/# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR/,/#   value: ".*"/ {
  s/# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR/- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR/
  s/#   value: ".*"/  value: "10.244.0.0\/16"/
}' /usr/local/kubernetes/calico.yaml

grep -C 2 CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR /usr/local/kubernetes/calico.yaml

输出结果示例

      # chosen from this range. Changing this value after installation will have
      # no effect. This should fall within `--cluster-cidr`.
      - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
        value: "10.244.0.0/16"
      # Disable file logging so `kubectl logs` works.

配置 CNI 二进制路径

sed -i '/- name: cni-bin-dir/,/type:/s|path: .*|path: /usr/local/kubernetes/cni/bin|' /usr/local/kubernetes/calico.yaml

grep -C 2 cni-bin-dir /usr/local/kubernetes/calico.yaml

输出结果示例

        name: host-local-net-dir
      - mountPath: /host/opt/cni/bin
        name: cni-bin-dir
    securityContext:
      privileged: true
--
    volumeMounts:
      - mountPath: /host/opt/cni/bin
        name: cni-bin-dir
      - mountPath: /host/etc/cni/net.d
        name: cni-net-dir
--
      path: /proc
  # Used to install CNI.
  - name: cni-bin-dir
    hostPath:
      path: /usr/local/kubernetes/cni/bin

部署 Calico

kubectl apply -f /usr/local/kubernetes/calico.yaml

检查 Calico 服务状态

kubectl get pod -n kube-system -l k8s-app=calico-node
kubectl get pod -n kube-system -l k8s-app=calico-kube-controllers

正常情况下，所有 Pod 的 READY 列为 1/1，STATUS 列为 Running：

NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-node-4xbtk                          1/1     Running   0          2m
calico-node-9fzwp                          1/1     Running   0          2m
calico-kube-controllers-7d9d9b7b9c-x2kqt   1/1     Running   0          2m

若 STATUS 长时间为 Init 或 Pending，可执行 kubectl describe pod <pod名> -n kube-system 查看详细事件排查原因

工作节点配置

仅在 Kubernetes 02 节点操作

加入 Kubernetes 集群
```
kubeadm join 192.168.10.20:6443 --token 3nwjzw.pdod3r27lnqqhi0x \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a84445303a0f8249e7eae3059cb99d46038dc275b2dc2043a022de187a1175a2
```
- 上方命令为示例，请使用主节点 kubeadm init 时实际输出的 join 命令
- 若已遗忘，可在主节点执行 kubeadm token create --print-join-command 重新获取

调整工作节点 Pod 上限

echo "maxPods: 300" >> /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
systemctl restart kubelet

集群状态检查

检查节点与 Pod 状态

kubectl get pod -n kube-system    # READY 列需要是 "1/1"
kubectl get node                  # STATUS 列需要是 "Ready"

下载与导入基础镜像（K8s 集群各节点均需要操作）

镜像下载链接
```
https://pdpublic.mingdao.com/private-deployment/offline/common/centos7.9.2009.tar.gz
```
将该镜像文件 centos7.9.2009.tar.gz 分发至 K8s 集群各节点，并执行镜像导入操作:
```
gunzip -d centos7.9.2009.tar.gz
ctr -n k8s.io image import centos7.9.2009.tar
```

在主节点部署测试应用

cat > /usr/local/kubernetes/test.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: test
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: test
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: test
      annotations:
        md-update: '20200517104741'
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: test
        image: centos:7.9.2009
        command:
        - sh
        - -c
        - |
          echo $(hostname) > hostname.txt
          python -m SimpleHTTPServer
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 512Mi
            cpu: 1
          requests:
            memory: 64Mi
            cpu: 0.01
        volumeMounts:
        - name: tz-config
          mountPath: /etc/localtime
      volumes:
      - name: tz-config
        hostPath:
          path: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT-8

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: test
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: test
  ports:
  - name: external-test
    port: 8000
    targetPort: 8000
    nodePort: 8000
  type: NodePort
EOF

启动服务

kubectl apply -f /usr/local/kubernetes/test.yaml

检查 Pod 运行状态
```
kubectl get pod -o wide
```
验证服务访问
```
curl 127.0.0.1:8000/hostname.txt
```
- 多次执行应返回不同 Pod 的 hostname，说明负载均衡正常

测试没问题后，可以删除此服务

kubectl delete -f /usr/local/kubernetes/test.yaml

服务器要求​

安装CRI容器运行环境​

安装 K8S 集群所需命令​

安装 nerdctl 工具（可选）​

安装环境依赖​

修改内核配置​

K8S 环境镜像准备​

主节点配置​

工作节点配置​

集群状态检查​

服务器要求

安装CRI容器运行环境

安装 K8S 集群所需命令

安装 nerdctl 工具（可选）

安装环境依赖

修改内核配置

K8S 环境镜像准备

主节点配置

工作节点配置

集群状态检查